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Frequently Asked Questions (Ubuntu)

• How to restore a root account?

security policy Ubuntu is a bit weird, so we will ignore safety recommendations advocated in the online manual:

$ sudo passwd root
Password: Enter new
UNIX password:

The first password to type is that of the user-Guillaume Levavasseur created during installation. The second is the new password that is chosen for the root account.

• What to do when apt-get update returns a "GPG error '?

Sometimes apt-get update returns an error message like this:
W: GPG error: http://localhost dapper Release: The following signatures could not be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 4CF19C3233BAC1B3

is how to fix it:

# gpg - keyserver subkeys.pgp.net - recv-keys 4CF19C3233BAC1B3
# gpg - export - Armor 4CF19C3233BAC1B3

Server side:

• # / usr / share / cups / 1 enable_sharing # / usr / share / cups / 1 enable_browsing

Client side:
Open gnome-cups-manager (Xubuntu: # apt-get install gnome-cups-manager
), launch it with xfrun , then click on "Detect network printers

. Wait a few seconds.
How reconfigure locales?

Unlike Debian, it is possible to add local

through dpkg-reconfigure locales
• . Here's a hack that allows other to this end: # cp / var / lib / local / supported.d / local / var / lib / local / supported.d / local.old

# cp / usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED / var / lib / local / supported.d / local
# dpkg-reconfigure locales
Note: Because the process takes some time, it is perhaps be not only generate a few hundred local Armenian to Zulu. In this case, edit the new file and delete
local everything one knows one would ever use.
Application practical for applications that suffer from encoding problem (like Audacity in French), we can then edit the file . desktop in / usr / share / applications
as follows:
[Desktop Entry]

Encoding = UTF-8 Name =

Audacity Audacity Sound Editor GenericName =
Comment = Record and edit audio files
audacity Icon = Type = Application

Categories = AudioVideo ; Audio, Recorder;
Exec = sh-c 'LANG = en_US; audacity'
Terminal = false

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Install and configure a DHCP server

# apt-get install dhcp3-server


Note: the machine that hosts the DHCP server must be configured for static IP. To configure the server, edit / etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf

. Ultimately, rename the original file in dhcpd.conf.orig

:

# dhcpd.conf ddns -update-style none;
default-lease-time 259200;
max -lease-time 518400;

subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

option routers 192.168.1.1;

option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;
option domain-name-servers 213.36.80.1;
option domain-name "tiscali.fr" range 192.168.1.16 192.168.1.252
;
}

It is possible to assign IP addresses to certain machines invariable, based on the MAC address of the NIC. To do this, add stanzas like this:
host fujitsu

{
hardware ethernet 00:00: e2: 93:07:00

fixed-address 192.168.1.5
}
Then :

# / etc/init.d/dhcp3-server restart

If the file contains a shell (as, for example, a semicolon forgotten: oD), the server simply refuses restart.

client side, an Ethernet card configuration would look like this:


auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp


To obtain an IP address of the server, simply restart the network:

# / etc / init.d / networking restart

server side, you can see the queries DHCP through tail-f / var / log / syslog.

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A proxy for APT


apt-proxy creates a local cache of packages, which saves bandwidth when installations and updates. With a slow connection, simply complete the installations on a single machine. The subsequent installations can be done quickly from the cache. Apt-proxy package for Ubuntu is in the universe archive:
# apt-get install apt-proxy side "server" configuration is done in / etc / apt-proxy / apt-proxy -v2.conf:

port = 9999

cache_dir = / var / cache / apt-proxy

cleanup_freq = off = off
max_age

max_versions

= 3;; backend servers

[myubuntu] backends =


http://fr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
http://security .ubuntu.com / ubuntu


server side, / etc / apt / sources.list look like this: deb

http://localhost:9999/myubuntu dapper main restricted universe

Beware of bug: the new version of Ubuntu APT handles HTTP requests differently. Therefore edit / etc / apt / apt.conf and replace

Acquire:: http::Proxy false;

by

Acquire:::: Proxy "False";

server side, do not forget to (re) start / etc / init.d / apt-proxy after each change in the configuration file.

client side, it will also apply the small modification to / etc / apt / apt.conf. Then be edited sources.list like this: deb

http://192.168.1.1:9999/myubuntu dapper main restricted universe

Now, apt-get update will connect to the local server cache.

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IPMasquerading


IP Masquerading allows, among other things, to share a dial-up. Recipe specific to Debian and Ubuntu Server.



directory / etc / network / if-up.d
contains a series of scripts that run when the ifup command is invoked. Of course, it could very well create a local script (eg rc.local) that runs at the end of the boot, but the following method is more orthodox, if you will. In this directory, then create a firewall script and edit it like this:

# / bin / sh iptables-F

; iptables-t nat-F iptables-t mangle-F iptables-t nat
- A POSTROUTING-o ppp0-j MASQUERADE

echo 1> / proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward